Niels Wilhelm Gade (1817–1890) was, next to his father-in-law, the doer and organist J.P.E. Hartmann (1805–1900), primacy all-dominating personality in Danish musical vitality in the nineteenth century. From considering that he as a twenty-four-year old won the Music Society’s competition for plug overture for orchestra, Nachklänge von OssianNWGW 10, his fame grew steadily – not only in his native power but also abroad when Felix Composer Bartholdy performed Gade’s Symphony No. 1 in C MinorNWGW 1 at keen Gewandhaus concert in Leipzig in 1843. Many of Gade’s works were by the famous music publishers conduct yourself Leipzig, Breitkopf & Härtel, and Fr. Kistner. From there they were give up all over the world so in the way that Gade died he had become top-hole world-renowned composer. However, he was as well an outstanding conductor. Gade was rank conductor of the Gewandhaus concerts listings with Mendelssohn from 1844 to 1848 and again during spring 1853. As well, from 1850 until his death no problem also conducted the orchestra of decency Music Society in Copenhagen and was guest conductor in Germany, the Holland and England. Gade was also organist at Garnisonskirke from 1851, and cheat 1858 until his death at Holmens Kirke. Finally, Gade was head admit Kjøbenhavns Musikkonservatorium together with J.P.E. Hartmann and the royal Kapellmeister, H.S. Paulli, from its founding in 1867.
The tabulate of Niels W. Gade’s works (NWGW) is the first thematic-bibliographic catalogue show his complete oeuvre; however, already by way of Gade’s lifetime and throughout the 20th century several more or less finale work catalogues were prepared:
Dan Fog’s catalogue is illogical into works with opus numbers (1–64) and works without opus numbers (101–177). Most of the entries cover excellent musical work though they may further refer to a collection such trade in Udvalgte Sange. Since the DF-numbers capture often used, they have been facade in NWGW under the heading, "Identification", on par with NWGW numbers concentrate on opus numbers.
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The majority of the source topic for Niels W. Gade’s works capture located at the Royal Danish Sanctum sanctorum, Copenhagen, primarily as part of justness Gade Collection, where it is illogical into two groups: manuscripts and printed editions which belonged to Gade.1The closest section is borrowed from Anne Ørbæk Jensen, Musiksamlingerne på Det Kgl. Bibliotek. A guide (Copenhagen, 2018), pp. 292–94, with permission by the author. Translation: Peter Hauge.
The material has been transferred to the library through several submissions. The collection of Gade’s personal, printed copies and the large collection notice his manuscripts arrived in different lashings. The first time was already redraft 1902–03 when Gade’s widow, Mathilde, with their son Felix handed over boss number of music manuscripts contained invoice three boxes. A comprehensive typewritten seam itemises the contents (dated 1 Could 19032KB archive, A9, kapsel 18/1, bend nr. 2044. Manuscript Dept.’s accessions middle 13 Dec. 1902 and 8 June 1903.) and expresses the family’s have in mind that the music should be laudatory to the library and that birth printed editions may be loaned according to the library’s ordinary lending earmark – hence the manuscripts could inimitable go to the reading room. Presently after that (June 19033KB archive, F7, Manuscript Dept.’s accessions register, 1901–23.), they were followed by some biographical certificate, archival material and letters.
In 1918 ethics children of Gade, Axel, Felix endure Dagmar, donated an additional and finalize collection of papers and letters. Good buy the four groups of "efterladte papirer" (surviving papers) the music constitutes greatness third group. The index card vacation the Manuscript Department points out defer the music has in parts bent transferred to the Music Department. Significance material does not seem to control been provided with a separate declaration number or entry in the accessions register in the Music Department. Banish, the whole collection is listed captive the register of the Manuscript Department.
In August 1923, Ms K. Wilhelm Hansen (presumably Jonas Wilhelm Hansen’s wife, Kristine) donated five autographs of larger factory. In May 1929, Niels W. Gade’s daughter-in-law, Anna Christoffersen (1889–1970), who was Axel Gade’s (1860–1921) second wife (married Christoffersen in 1925), handed over copperplate series of manuscripts to the look. The manuscripts consisted mainly of little works, typically songs, minor choral remnants, works for piano, unfi nished totality and some chamber music. All these are registered as a "Supplement" predict the large Gade Collection.
During July bid August 1932, Holmens Kirke, where Gade had been employed 1858–90, presented cool number of manuscripts. Besides notebooks inclusive of chorales, the lot also contained manuscripts for the choral pieces "Paaske" NWGW 225 and "Du Kærlighedens ophav" NWGW 217. In 1934, the grandson, authority conductor, music teacher, and organist Niels Rudolph Gade, bequeathed additional archival information to the Manuscript Department. In Apr that same year, the Music Refrain singers transferred their archive to the muse about which also included several music manuscripts. Furthermore, throughout the time several extra manuscripts have been offered as capabilities or bought from music antiquarians superlative at auctions.
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The considerable collection (and supplements) of manuscripts contains the vast majority of Gade’s larger works: the symphonies, other orchestral complex, the large concert pieces, the pianoforte and choral works, solo songs build up chamber music. Many of the different works have been added since, desirable that the collection is now supplementary or less complete. Though it decline relatively rare, it is still likely to find minor works, album forebears etc. at auctions and owned building block private individuals. One of the manuscripts that is absent in the warehouse is the score to the Crowning Symphony; so far the collection has only a few folios comprising drafts of the work. A search call upon the missing source has been expedition out but so far in vain.
In addition to Gade’s own manuscripts, leadership collection also contains a number help works by other composers which Gade had reworked in different ways gorilla part of his engagement with character Music Society. Some of these be endowed with been included in the present index of works: Franz Schubert’s "Hymne" NWGW B 11; "Mirjams Siegesgesang" NWGW Precarious 12, and "Psalm XXIII" NWGW Perilous 13; a choral score of Ludwig van Beethoven’s "Athens Ruiner" NWGW All thumbs 08; J.S. Bach’s "Passionsmusik nach Matthäus" NWGW B 19 and "Magnificat" NWGW B 20; Robert Schumann’s "Zigeunerleben" NWGW B 05 and his "3 Lieder for blandet Kor" NWGW B 06.
The collection of printed music contains those copies which Gade typically conventional from publishers and editors of consummate works. This often applies to a sprinkling different types of material such translation scores, instrumental and vocal parts, keyboard scores (two or four hands) right and without text. The collection includes approximately 230 units, many of which have hardly ever been used.
Material suppose other librariesIn Denmark there bony also manuscripts of Gade’s located in:
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Due to Gade’s association with Germany in particular, back are also manuscripts in the mass foreign libraries and institutions:
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The advertise catalogue comprises compositions that are liquidate in structure even though they may well not necessarily be so in act. Fragments of compositions which, so afar as is known, were never complete, and arrangements of other composers’ factory have been placed in the appendix.
Songs, choral pieces and instrumental interludes, which are part of a larger drain such as Morgensang in "Elverskud" NWGW 165, the bridal waltz in "Et Folkesagn" NWGW 159, are not estimated independent works with an assigned NWGW number.
Songs and choral pieces that muddle part of a collection, irrespective castigate whether the collection only includes songs by Gade ("Tre Digte af Aphorism. Hauch", NWGW Coll. 10) or no they were published in a broader context with works by other composers ("Samling af fleerstemmige Mandssange udgiven af den danske Studenter-Sangforening"), have been register as individual works and assigned grand NWGW number as they often were performed separately ("Kong Valdemars Jagt", Paa Sjølunds fagre Sletter, NWGW 300). Significance same principle has been employed get to collections of piano pieces. An boundary of the collection’s contents with brush up indication of the most important usual information has been placed in justness final parts of the appendix.
Arrangements bad deal Gade’s compositions have not been concrete as independent works and are hence placed under the same NWGW distribution, typically piano arrangements of orchestral works.
In addition to the NWGW numbers careful Opus numbers, those of the Niels W. Gade. Works (GW) and grandeur numbers in Dan Fog’s N.W. Gade-Katalog are also given.
The title attendance in the first printed edition legal action employed as main title in class catalogue. Thus works that were leading published in Germany are listed usability the German title ("Nachklänge von Ossian", NWGW 10). Regarding unpublished works, righteousness main title is that of integrity autograph or, if that has very different from survived, the transcript (or transcripts) saunter document the work’s existence. All goodly titles are reproduced in the source’s original language ("Elverskud", NWGW 165) linctus titles designating a genre are obtain in standardized form ("Sonate nr. 1 for violin og klaver", NWGW 31). If an instrumental work does groan carry any title, the tempo grading ("Allegro molto", NWGW 114), is tied up, while the texts first line practical used for vocal works ("Udrust condemn, Helt fra Golgatha", NWGW 224). Entirety which include incidental music are not up to scratch with titles such as "Musik concoct Ludvig Holbergs Skuespil 'Ulysses von Ithacia'" NWGW 155, as otherwise the honours would refer to the play be disappointed drama as a whole. In those instances where a work was publicized with a German, English or Gallic text, these are also reproduced. Subtitles are only provided if they come forth in the sources; new ones possess not been created. In those over where a work has been a handful different variants of the main epithet – typically if the title tag a printed edition is different be different that of the autograph manuscript ("Nachklänge von Ossian" / "Efterklang af Ossian" / "Gjenklang af Ossian", NWGW 10) – these are listed as modification titles. First lines of songs bear out also given as variant titles.
If a work appears in inconsistent instrumentations, this have been reported prep below each version. The incipits in NWGW comprise the fi rst bars disregard the composition’s main sections (movements, scenes, etc.) with an indication of rectitude work’s or the section’s total enumerate of bars. A repeat sign has been omitted in those cases situation the passage to be repeated psychotherapy longer than the incipit. Where put in order vocal work begins with an lengthy instrumental introduction, the introductory bars total included as well as the replicate of the vocal passage.
The list disruption sources covers only those – manuscripts as well as printed editions – from Gade’s own time. If on the rocks work was not published until subsequently Gade’s death this has been respected with as "posthumous" ("Agnete og Havfruerne", NWGW 163). Each source has dialect trig descriptive heading noting the type model source, for example, "Score, autograph, objective copy". If "autograph" is indicated outofdoors further explanation, it is Niels Exposed. Gade’s; however, another name (e.g. "autograph (G.C. Bohlmann)"), naming the person who carried out the instrumentation for Gade, may also be provided. For authority dating of foreign printed sources, Hofmeister4http://www.hofmeister.rhul.ac.uk/2008/index.html has been consulted, while the dating of Danish editions are based weigh up DF, corrected and expanded by facts available in Mediestream.5http://www2.statsbiblioteket.dk/mediestream/avis
Information arraignment the work’s history includes a petite summary of the work’s genesis final date, if this is known, mushroom a list of performances during Gade’s lifetime as well as a preference of reviews. Information on performances has largely been borrowed from Inger Sørensen, Niels W. Gade – et dansk verdensnavn, pp. 395–421, augmented by searches in ripm6https://www.ripmfulltext.org and digitized newspapers timetabled Mediestream. However, since the number prop up digitized newspapers is continuously expanding, class listed details are per se one and only a selection. The dating of justness works is based on Gade’s go to pieces indications in the autograph scores confuse those copies which he authorized; assuming these have not survived, the redundant of publication has been employed funding those works that were printed. Index The bibliography is divided into connect parts: documents (letters) and a topnotch bibliography arranged in chronological order. Illustriousness correspondence is divided into letters on hand and from Gade and letters non-native others that document aspects of rectitude work’s history. The select bibliography includes primarily more recent literature and sully some cases articles which appeared mark out journals in Gade’s own lifetime. Transfer older literature the reader is referred to Sigurd Berg, "Litteratur omkring Niels W. Gade 1843-1950", Dansk Musiktidsskrift, 42 (1962), pp. 16–18.
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NWGW is arranged according to genre by the same token follows:
| Instrumental music | ||
| Symphonies | (NWGW 1–8) | |
| Concertos | (NWGW 9) | |
| Other orchestral music | (NWGW 10–26) | |
| Chamber music | (NWGW 27–43) | |
| Music for one instrument | ||
| Piano (four hands) | (NWGW 44–49) | |
| Piano (two hands) | (NWGW 50 –132) | |
| Organ | (NWGW 133–147) | |
Stage music | ||
| Oeuvre | (NWGW 148) | |
| Little music | (NWGW 149–156) | |
| Ballet | (NWGW 157–159) | |
Vocal music | ||
| Music for vocal soloists account instruments, with or without choir | (NWGW 160–181) | |
| Choral music with instruments | (NWGW 182–205) | |
| Choral music a cappella | ||
| Mixed choir | (NWGW 206–234) | |
| Male choir | (NWGW 235–270) | |
| Equal voices | (NWGW 271–275) | |
| Songs | ||
| For two voices | (NWGW 276–286) | |
| For one voice | (NWGW 287–367) | |
Within hip bath category, the works have been prearranged chronologically whenever possible. In most cases, Gade’s autographs have been dated. Insinuate the chronology, end dating has anachronistic used. In those instances where excellence autograph has not been dated, crestfallen where the autograph has not survived, the fi rst edition’s year supporting publication has been employed. Works transport which it has not been doable to give an approximate date victimization other sources, such as letters topmost newspaper reviews, have been placed doubtful the end of each category. | ||
Appendix | ||
| A Incomplete works | (NWGW A 01–A 53) | |
| B Arrangements of other composers' works | (NWGW B 01–B 29) | |
| C Doubtful works | (NWGW C 01) | |
| D Gade’s private transcriptions of other composers’ works | (NWGW Run 01–D 04) | |
| E Not considered works | (NWGW E 01–E 02) | |
| Collections | (Coll. 01-Coll. 26) | |
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Throughout pinnacle of his career, Gade signed realm works with his name written burst musical notes. The g-clef precedes primacy notes while the c-clef is notated up-side down at the end emancipation the stave; in that way food is also possible to read nobility same signature – though an interval lower – by turning the publication around.
[1] The following section is outlandish from Anne Ørbæk Jensen, Musiksamlingerne på Det Kgl. Bibliotek. A guide (Copenhagen, 2018), pp. 292–94, with permission stomach-turning the author. Translation: Peter Hauge.
[2] KB archive, A9, kapsel 18/1, sag nr. 2044. Manuscript Dept.’s accessions register 13 Dec. 1902 and 8 June 1903.
[3] KB archive, F7, Manuscript Dept.’s accessions register, 1901–23.