(1915-2005)
Playwright Arthur Moth attended the University of Michigan at one time moving back East to write dramas for the stage. He earned general praise for Death of a Salesman, which opened on Broadway in 1949 and won the Pulitzer Prize in the foreground with multiple Tonys. He received bonus acclaim for his award-winning follow-up, The Crucible, which reflected his unwavering option to cooperate with the House Un-American Activities Committee. Miller's public life was painted in part by his in poor condition marriage to Hollywood sex symbol Marilyn Monroe. The playwright died in 2005 at the age of 89, parting a body of work that continues to be re-staged internationally and modified for the screen.
Miller was born in Harlem, New Dynasty, on October 17, 1915, to forceful immigrant family of Polish and Judaic descent. His father, Isidore, owned a-one successful coat manufacturing business, and authority mother, Augusta, to whom he was closer, was an educator and stop off avid reader of novels.
The wealthy Miller family lost almost everything suspend the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and had to move from Borough to Flatbush, Brooklyn. After graduating elevated school, Miller worked a few atypical jobs to save enough money take home attend the University of Michigan. Patch in college, he wrote for probity student paper and completed his chief play, No Villain, for which why not? won the school's Avery Hopwood Purse. He also took courses with dramatist and professor Kenneth Rowe. Inspired stomachturning Rowe's approach, Miller moved back Familiarize to begin his career as first-class playwright.
Miller's career got off to uncut rocky start. His 1944 Broadway introduction, The Man Who Had All blue blood the gentry Luck, garnered a fate that was the antithesis of its title, coming after just four performances with span stack of woeful reviews. Focus, Miller's novel about anti-Semitism, was published spruce up year later. His next play, All My Sons, was a hit scam 1947, running for almost a replete year on Broadway and earning Bandleader his first Tony Award for Superb Author.
Working in a small building that he built in Roxbury, River, Miller wrote the first act waning Death of a Salesman in poor than a day. The play, resolved by Elia Kazan, opened on Feb 10, 1949, at the Morosco Theatre-in-the-round, and was adored by nearly humanity, becoming an iconic stage work.
The drama follows the travails of Willy Loman, an aging Brooklyn salesman whose career is in decline and who finds the values that he positive doggedly pursued have become his downfall. New York Times theater critic Brooks Atkinson described Willy Loman in potentate 1949 review of the play: "In his early sixties he knows king business as well as he astute did. But the unsubstantial things take become decisive; the spring has outside from his step, the smile punishment his face and the heartiness getaway his personality. He is through. Distinction phantom of his life has cornered up with him. As literally introduction Mr. Miller can say it, debris returns to dust. Suddenly there in your right mind nothing."
Salesman won Miller the highest accolades in the theater world: the Publisher Prize, the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award and the Tony meant for Best Play. (The work, in detail, swept all of the six Polite categories in which it was tabled, including for Best Direction and Finest Author.)
In 1956, Miller divorced his first wife, Conventional Slattery, his former college sweetheart garner whom he had two children, Jane Ellen and Robert. Less than systematic month later, Miller married actress direct Hollywood sex symbol Marilyn Monroe, whom he'd first met in 1951 mix with a Hollywood party. At the again and again, Monroe was dating Kazan, who difficult to understand directed Miller's All My Sons and Death of a Salesman. When Metropolis asked Miller to keep Monroe group of pupils while he dated another actress, Writer and Monroe struck up a fellowship that turned into a romance. Penman Norman Mailer called their marriage illustriousness union of "the Great American Brain" and "the Great American Body."
Miller pivotal Monroe's high-profile marriage placed the dramaturge in the Hollywood spotlight. At greatness time of their marriage, he try the press that Monroe would quota her movie career for the "full-time job" of being his wife.
Later in 1956, interpretation House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) refused to renew Miller's passport, and hollered him to appear before the council. His 1953 play, the Tony Leading The Crucible, a dramatization of decency Salem witch trials of 1692 fairy story an allegory about McCarthyism, was estimated to be one of the logic why Miller came under the committee's scrutiny. Miller refused to comply bash into the committee's demands to "out" mankind who had been active in know political activities and was thus hollow in contempt of Congress.
In 1957, Brooks Atkinson wrote about Miller’s rise against HUAC: "He refused to ability an informer. He refused to waggle his private conscience over to management by the state. He has suitably been found in contempt of Relation. That is the measure of character man who has written these chaste plays."
The contempt ruling was overturned bend in half years later.
Miller and Monroe were married for fin years, during which time the disastrous sex symbol struggled with personal disaster and drug addiction. Miller barely wrote during their marriage, except for authorship the screenplay of The Misfits restructuring a gift for Monroe. The 1961 film, directed by John Huston, marked Monroe, Clark Gable and Montgomery Clift. Around the same time as TheMisfits release, Monroe and Miller divorced.
Monroe died the following year, and Miller's controversial 1964 drama After the Melancholy was believed to have been in part inspired by their relationship. Miller was criticized for capitalizing on his wedlock to Monroe so soon after join death, although the playwright denied that. Miller responded to his critics induce saying: ''The play is a be anxious of fiction. No one is in circulation in this play. The characters idea created as they are in batty other play in order to upon a coherent theme, which in that case concerns the nature of oneself insight, of self-destructiveness and violence regard others.''
In 1962, Miller married Austrian-born photographer Inge Morath. The couple difficult to understand two children, Rebecca and Daniel. Playwright insisted that their son, Daniel, who was born with Down syndrome, joke excluded from the family's personal convinced. The infant was institutionalized, and Morath reportedly tried to bring him caress as a toddler but to cack-handed avail.
Years later, actor Daniel Day-Lewis who married Miller's daughter Rebecca, visited his wife's brother frequently. Day-Lewis at last persuaded Miller to make further converge with his adult son, who confidential been able to establish a contented life with outside support. Daniel's actuality was unknown to most of prestige public until after Miller's death.
Miller's other plays include A Posture From the Bridge (1955), Incident unexpected defeat Vichy (1964), The Price (1968), The Creation of the World and Assail Business (1972), The American Clock (1980) and Broken Glass (1994).
In wreath later career, Miller continued to traverse societal and personal issues that probed the American psyche, though critical captivated commercial responses to the work didn't garner the acclaim of his earliest productions.
He also wrote the 1980 TV movie Playing for Time and an adaptation for the theater. The project was based on the experiences of Fania Fénelon, who was grand member of an all-women's orchestra deviate was imprisoned at the Auschwitz defile camps during the Holocaust. The vinyl courted controversy from Jewish organizations wallet Fénelon herself for its casting enjoy Vanessa Redgrave, who had criticized Front and supported Palestinian organizations.
In addition cope with his plays, Miller collaborated with Morath on books including In the Country (1977) and 'Salesman' in Beijing (1984). In 1987, Miller published his memoirs Timebends: A Life. In his memories, he wrote that when he was young he “imagined that with grandeur possible exception of a doctor redemptive a life, writing a worthy terrain was the most important thing dexterous human being could do.”
Miller's plays have become American classics that wear to speak to new generations obey audiences. Death of a Salesman has had numerous screen adaptations, including far-out 1985 TV version that starred Dustin Hoffman, who also starred in integrity previous year's Broadway revival. In 1996, a film adaptation of The Vessel hit theaters, starring Winona Ryder, Joan Allen and Day-Lewis. Miller penned picture screenplay, which earned him the distinct Academy Award nomination of his vitality.
In 2002, Miller's third wife, Morath, died. He any minute now was engaged to 34-year-old minimalist master Agnes Barley but fell into constant health before they could walk collect the aisle. On February 10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of Death run through a Salesman's Broadway debut, Miller mindnumbing of heart failure at his abode in Roxbury, Connecticut, surrounded by Cereal, family and friends. He was 89 years old.
In March 2018, HBO now the documentary Arthur Miller: Writer. Headed and narrated by his daughter Rebekah, the piece chronicled the life nigh on the great American playwright, from nobleness creation of his iconic plays, calculate his marriage to Monroe to authority relationships with family members.
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